Business Calculators

Billable Hours Calculator Billable hours in a year from your working week, weeks worked and non-billable time, with utilisation and the revenue at your hourly rate.
Break-Even Calculator Units and sales needed to cover fixed costs, the contribution margin, the sales for a target profit and your margin of safety.
Bulk Discount Calculator Total cost and average unit price under up to three quantity-discount tiers, all-units or incremental, and whether buying more would cost less.
Cake Pricing Calculator Price a custom cake from ingredients, supplies, hours and your hourly rate, adding overhead and profit, with the price per serving.
Carpet Cleaning Cost Calculator Estimate carpet cleaning costs from the number and size of rooms, price per square foot, stairs and pet treatment, with a minimum charge.
Cash Flow Calculator Monthly net cash flow, the closing balance after a number of months, and your cash runway if more money is going out than coming in.
Churn Rate Calculator Customer churn and retention rates for a month or year, the annual rate a monthly churn compounds to, and the average customer lifetime.
COGS Calculator Cost of goods sold from beginning inventory, purchases, direct costs and ending inventory, with gross margin and inventory turnover.
Commercial Cleaning Cost Calculator Price an office or commercial cleaning contract from the area, visits per month, production rate, labour cost and markup, per visit and per month.
Conversion Rate Calculator Conversion rate from visitors and conversions, revenue per visitor, and the extra conversions and revenue a higher target rate would bring.
Customer Acquisition Cost Calculator Customer acquisition cost from marketing, sales and other spending and new customers won, with LTV:CAC and the payback period.
Customer Lifetime Value Calculator Customer lifetime value from order value, purchase frequency, gross margin and customer lifespan, with the LTV:CAC ratio and CAC payback period.
Discount Calculator Price after a percentage or amount off, with stacked discounts combined correctly, or the original price behind a sale price.
Employee Cost Calculator The true annual cost of an employee: salary plus employer taxes, retirement, benefits and other costs, as a multiple of salary and per hour worked.
Freelance Rate Calculator Day, week and month rates from an hourly rate, and a fixed project price from estimated hours with a contingency built in.
Gross Profit Calculator Gross profit and gross margin from sales, returns and the cost of goods sold, with the COGS ratio and the equivalent markup.
Hourly Rate Calculator The hourly rate a freelancer or contractor needs to charge, worked back from target take-home pay, tax, expenses and billable hours.
House Cleaning Cost Calculator Estimate the price of a house clean from bedrooms, bathrooms, type of clean and hourly rate, with recurring-service discounts and monthly cost.
Inventory Turnover Calculator Inventory turnover and days of stock on hand from cost of goods sold and beginning and ending inventory, for any period.
Invoice Calculator Invoice total from up to three line items, with a discount before tax, sales tax or VAT, shipping and the balance after any payment received.
Junk Removal Cost Calculator Estimate junk removal costs from the volume of junk as a share of a truckload, with minimum charges and fees for heavy or special items.
Late Payment Interest Calculator Interest on an overdue invoice from the amount, annual rate and days late, with the daily rate, total claim and cost of further delay.
Lead Time Calculator Add up supplier lead time from processing, production and transit days, then work out safety stock and the reorder point for your demand.
Markup Calculator Selling price from cost and markup, the markup between a cost and a price, or the cost that fits a price — always with the equivalent margin.
Net Profit Calculator Net profit and net margin from revenue, cost of goods, operating expenses, interest and tax, with gross and operating profit along the way.
Payroll Calculator Gross pay, deductions, net pay and total employer cost for one pay period, hourly with overtime or salaried, weekly to monthly.
Pressure Washing Estimate Calculator Estimate a pressure washing job by surface and area: siding, driveway, deck or roof, with sealing, minimum charge, travel and time on site.
Price Per Unit Calculator Compare up to three pack sizes by price per kg, 100 g, lb, litre, fl oz or item, with metric and US units converted, to find the best value.
Productivity Calculator Measure labour productivity as output per hour, per worker, and its change from an earlier period, with optional value per hour worked.
Profit Margin Calculator Profit margin from cost and price, the price that hits a target margin, or the most you can pay — with markup alongside so the two are never confused.
PTO Accrual Calculator Work out how much paid time off you earn each pay period or hour worked, and project your PTO balance after future accruals, planned leave and caps.
Revenue Calculator Revenue from price and units sold, net of returns, projected month by month with a growth rate, with the total, final month and annual run-rate.
Sales Commission Calculator Commission on sales at a flat rate or on a tiered accelerator plan, with base salary, total pay and the effective commission rate.
Section 179 Calculator Estimate the Section 179 deduction for equipment or vehicles, applying business use, the annual limit, the phase-out and the business income limit.
Time Off Calculator Count the workdays and PTO hours a vacation will use between two dates, excluding weekends and public holidays, and see what is left of your balance.
Working Capital Calculator Working capital, current ratio and quick ratio from current assets, current liabilities and inventory, with what the ratios mean.

A Guide to Business Calculators

Small businesses rarely fail at arithmetic. They fail at the arithmetic they never did: the true cost of an employee, the real margin after returns, the hourly rate that covers unbilled hours as well as billed ones. These are not hard sums. They are sums nobody sets aside an afternoon for.

Thirty-six calculators here, grouped by the decision they serve. All of them show their working, which matters more in business than anywhere else on this site, because you will have to defend the figure to a client, a partner or a bank.

Margins and profit

Five calculators, and the group where terminology causes the most expensive errors. The Markup Calculator and Profit Margin Calculator are not the same calculation and are constantly treated as one. Markup is profit as a share of cost; margin is profit as a share of price. A 50 percent markup is a 33 percent margin. Pricing from the wrong one of those will undercharge you every single time, and the gap widens as the number grows: a 100 percent markup is a 50 percent margin.

The COGS Calculator establishes cost of goods sold, which both of the above depend on, and the Gross Profit Calculator and Net Profit Calculator separate profit before and after overheads. Quoting gross as though it were net is the second most common mistake here.

Pricing

The Price Per Unit Calculator normalises prices for comparison, the Discount Calculator handles reductions in both directions, and the Bulk Discount Calculator works out tiered pricing and where the breaks should fall.

Six more price specific services, where the industry works from a measured quantity rather than an hourly rate: House Cleaning, Commercial Cleaning, Carpet Cleaning, Pressure Washing, Junk Removal and Cake Pricing. Each works from the unit that trade actually quotes in, and each separates materials from labour so you can see which part of a quote to adjust when a customer pushes back.

Freelancing

Five calculators for the person who is also the business. The Freelance Rate Calculator and Hourly Rate Calculator work backwards from the income you need, and they differ from an employee's hourly equivalent in the way that matters: they account for unbillable time, holidays, sick days and the costs an employer would otherwise cover. A freelance rate set by dividing a desired salary by 2,080 hours is roughly half what it needs to be.

The Billable Hours Calculator tracks what you can actually invoice, the Invoice Calculator assembles the document with tax and discounts, and the Late Payment Interest Calculator works out what you are owed on an overdue account, which is a figure worth having before the conversation rather than after it.

Planning and break-even

The Break-Even Calculator finds the volume at which fixed costs are covered, which is the single most useful number for a new product or a new venture. The Revenue Calculator projects income from volume and price.

Break-even is where the markup and margin confusion above becomes dangerous rather than merely annoying, because the break-even volume is inversely proportional to the contribution per unit. Overstating your margin by a third understates the volume you need by a quarter, and that error compounds through every projection built on it.

Growth and customers

Four calculators that belong together. Customer Acquisition Cost and Customer Lifetime Value are only meaningful as a ratio: the second has to exceed the first by a comfortable multiple, and either figure alone tells you nothing about whether your growth is sustainable.

The Churn Rate Calculator measures the leak, and it feeds directly into lifetime value, because average customer lifetime is the reciprocal of the churn rate. That relationship is why a small reduction in churn moves lifetime value far more than it looks: dropping monthly churn from 5 percent to 4 percent extends average lifetime from 20 months to 25.

The Conversion Rate Calculator covers the top of the funnel.

Cash and working capital

Three calculators for the difference between being profitable and being solvent, which is the distinction that closes otherwise healthy businesses. The Cash Flow Calculator tracks money in and out by timing rather than by when it was earned. The Working Capital Calculator gives the buffer between current assets and current liabilities, and the Inventory Turnover Calculator shows how much cash is sitting on shelves.

A profitable business with slow receivables and fast payables runs out of money. None of these calculators will tell you that is happening, but all three together will.

People

The Employee Cost Calculator is the one most worth running before a first hire, because the true cost of an employee is well above their salary once taxes, insurance, equipment and paid time off are included. The usual figure is a quarter to a third more than the headline.

The Payroll Calculator handles the run itself, and the Sales Commission Calculator covers tiered and threshold-based schemes, where the cost of a scheme is rarely obvious from its description.

Operations

Five calculators for the running of things. The Productivity Calculator measures output against input, and the Lead Time Calculator the delay between order and delivery, which is the number that determines how much stock you must hold.

PTO Accrual and Time Off calculators handle leave balances under the accrual rules in common use. The Section 179 Calculator covers the US deduction for equipment purchases, which changes the effective cost of a capital purchase substantially and has limits worth knowing before you buy.

Quoting work without losing money on it

The service pricing calculators above all share a structure, and understanding it makes them easier to adapt to a trade that is not listed.

A quote has three parts. There is the measured quantity, which is square footage, volume, item count or hours. There is the rate, which is what you charge per unit of that quantity. And there is the fixed element, which is travel, setup, minimum call-out and the time spent quoting in the first place.

Most underpricing comes from leaving out the third part. A job that takes two hours on site may take three and a half door to door, and if the rate was set from on-site time alone, every small job loses money while large ones subsidise them. That is why these calculators separate a minimum charge from the per-unit rate rather than folding everything into one figure.

The second common error is quoting from the quantity a customer describes rather than one you measured. A customer's estimate of their own floor area is almost always low, and the difference comes out of your margin rather than their bill.

Finally, build the margin into the rate rather than adding it at the end. A rate that covers cost plus a markup applied afterwards is fragile: any discount you concede comes straight out of profit, because the cost base does not move.

The four numbers worth knowing by heart

If you run anything, these are the figures that repay being memorised rather than recalculated.

Your true hourly cost, including everything you do not bill for. Your contribution per unit after all variable costs, not just materials. Your break-even volume at that contribution. And your cash runway in months, which is the only one of the four that tells you how much time you have.

Everything else on this page is useful. Those four are the ones that change decisions.